Mpox Vaccination and Prevention

Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a viral infection that can cause a range of symptoms, including rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. While most cases are mild, the virus can cause serious illness in some people. Vaccination is one of the best ways to protect those most at risk.

What vaccine protects against mpox?

The main vaccine used to protect against mpox is JYNNEOS. It is recommended for at-risk people aged 16 years and over, including those who are immunocompromised or living with HIV. It is also the preferred vaccine for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding, and it can be safely given alongside most other vaccines.

Two doses are required, spaced at least 28 days apart
Protection is strongest two weeks after the second dose
Offers up to 80% protection against mpox
If vaccinated, people may still contract mpox, but symptoms are likely to be milder

Who should be vaccinated?

You may be eligible for the mpox vaccine if you are:

A sexually active gay, bisexual, or other man who has sex with men
A sexually active transgender or gender-diverse person, at risk of exposure
A sex worker
A person attending sex on premises venues (SOPVs)
Living with HIV and at risk of exposure
A sexual partner of anyone in the above categories
A laboratory worker handling orthopoxviruses
A healthcare worker at risk of mpox exposure (including those in sexual health clinics)
A humanitarian worker working in mpox-affected countries
Travelling to a country with ongoing mpox outbreaks, especially if planning sexual activity
A person recently exposed to mpox who hasn't yet received both doses (post-exposure preventive vaccination (PEPV))

Do I need a booster dose?

Currently, there is no recommendation for booster doses, even after exposure. The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) continues to review emerging evidence and will update advice if needed.